The audio/video files can be included on the web site in two ways

1. Downloadable audio/video clips
2. Streamed format audio/video clips

Downloadable audio/video clips :

When a visitor wants to play audio/video online, this type of file gets downloaded first and then starts playing. As these files are heavy in size, they take a long time to download before they start playing.

Popular Audio formats of this kind include : WAV, AU, MP3, WMA etc.
Popular Video formats of this kind include: MPEG, AVI, MOV, WMV etc.

To publish media clips in this form, you have to digitize audio/video in one of the formats mentioned above and hyperlink it from the respective HTML page.

Streamed Audio/Video clips

These are the bit stream files and are not required to be downloaded before they are played. Such files are served from the media servers in a continuous flow. The size of such files is usually small and so they start playing fast .

These files are highly suited for live web casting (broadcasting) of events such as Finance Minister's presentation of Union Budget, President's address to the Nation ,Proceedings of conferences, National Games etc.

Popular Audio/Video streaming formats :

Real Media Technology: RM and RAM (Meta File). These files are to be streamed or served from a Real Media Server and played using Real Player.

Microsoft Media Technology: ASF and ASX (Meta File). These files are to be streamed or served from a Windows Media Server and played using Windows Media Player.

Streamed media files can be categorized in following two ways -

1. On Demand Audio/Video

Pre-recorded clips are delivered, or streamed, to users upon request. A user who clicks a link to an on-demand clip watches the clip from the

beginning. The user can fast-forward, rewind, or pause the clip. It means you have recorded media stream files and want to put on web site. e.g : Finance Minister's recorded budget speech in parliament is available at
http://indiabudget.nic.in

Therefore on demand streams can be created from archived live events or recorded clips.

Real Media Technology

To create Real Media clips (.rm files) a tool/software called Real Producer/Real Encoder8 is required.

An "on demand" clip can be created from two different sources.

. From pre-recorded audio/video files : In this case you must have audio/video recorded in one of the formats such as WAV, AU, MP3, AVI, MOV, MPEG, QT, MOV etc.

. From audio/video capturing devices : In this case you must have installed and configured audio/video capturing devices such as audio/video card, video camera, VCR/ VCP, VCD etc.

While creating the stream file using the above software, you must keep in your mind the following points.

. Target audience i.e. their connectivity such as 28 kbps/56 kbps/64 kbps/128 kbps etc.
. Type of video i.e. smooth, normal or presentation
. Type of audio i.e. mono, stereo, music or voice in background etc.
. The location where you should place your files
. The address or name of the specified Real Server

a. Procedure to create the real stream files

1 Start Real Producer

2 Click File>New Session. The New Session dialog box appears.

3.If you want to create stream from capturing device Under Input Source, select "Media Device" then Capture Audio check box and Capture Video check box. Then select your device from drop down menus.
If you want to create stream from pre-recorded audio/video file
Under Input Source, select "File" and then specify the file name.

4 Under Output, select RealMedia File.

5 In the text box below the option button, type the file name on demand .rm



6 Now click OK

7 The following screen appears on your system



8 Specify the clip information such as title, author, copyright, description and keywords.

9. Now specify the Real Media Settings. There are two options here
a) Single-rate- for a particular bandwidth such as 28 kbps.
b) Multi-rate Sure stream - With Sure Stream recording you can reach the widest possible audience, and provide all users with the best listening and viewing experience optimized for their band width.

10. Select your target audience (the connectivity of the audience). If you have selected "Single -rate" then you can select only single type of connectivity here, but if you want to use "Multi-rate" then you can select more than one target audience with different connectivity.

11. In case of video streaming, you can specify your encoded output size by double clicking the output screen.

12. Now on Recording controls, click "Start" to start the encoding.

13. Whenever you want to stop encoding, just click "Stop"

14. Now your real stream file with extension ".rm" is ready to stream.

b. Putting audio/video clips on you web site

1. Now create a META file (Text file) with extension ".ram" and enter the following line in it
pnm://nicmediaserver.nic.in:7070/websitename/realstreamfile.rm

Suppose you have web site URL as http://xyz.nic.in & you have created your stream file as "abc.rm" then the META file (RAM) should have entry as

pnm://nicmediaserver.nic.in:7070/xyz/abc.rm

2. Open your respective HTML page on which you want to provide the link to play audio/video. Create a hyperlink to your meta file i.e. to ".ram" file. The HTML page with embedded real player can be created using real producer from "Tool" menu option.

3. Upload the HTML page and .RAM file into your live web site.

4. If you have an FTP account then upload the Real Stream (.rm) File into your temporary account and inform us through mail so that it may be shifted on the Real Server9.

2. Live Web Casting of Audio/Video

Web casting, which is also known as Internet broadcasting, is the transmission of live or pre-recorded audio or video to personal computers that are connected to the Internet. A user who clicks a link to a live clip joins the live event in progress. Because the event is happening in real time, fast-forward, rewind, and pause capabilities are not available.

To encode a live stream for a specific Real Server, get the following information from the real server Administrator

• The address or name of the Real Server
• The port number to connect to
• Authentication information such as user name and password, if required
• The URL to use in Web pages that point to a live broadcast or multicast

Live Web Casting can be done in two ways

a) From a live source like Camera, TV etc. to take the input into the computer having Encoder.

b) From a pre-recorded media like video cassette, existing ".rm" file etc. To broadcast the recorded/existing ".rm" file G2SLTA utility program to be used instead of Real Producer.

For web casting from capturing devices you need

• The sound and video card to capture live events into the producer computer.
• Real Encoder
• Real Server

Procedure to web cast live events

1. Start Real Producer

2. Click File >New Session. The New Session dialog box appears.

3. Under Input Source, select "Media Device" then Capture Audio check box and Capture Video check box. Then select your device from drop down menus.

4. Under Output, select Live Broadcast.

5. Specify the details under live broadcast such as server, port, file name, user name and password. These information are required to connect to the real server for web casting.

6. If you want to archive the same audio/video stream on your hard disk for future use or to put it under on-demand clips on your web site then check "Archive" box and specify the location and file name on your hard disk.

7. Now Click "OK"

8. On the next screen's controls, click "Start" to start web cast.

Creating link on you web site

1. Now create a META file (Text file) with extension ".ram" and enter the following single line

pnm://nicmediaserver.nic.in:7070/encoder/live-real-stream-file-name.rm

2. Now open your respective HTML page on which you want to provide the link to play live audio/video. Create a hyperlink to your meta file i.e. to ".ram" file. The HTML page with embedded real player can be created using real producer from "Tool" menu option.

3. Now upload the HTML page and .RAM file into your live web site.

4. Also create a link or announce the same on the home page of your web site.

Microsoft Windows Media Technology

The family of streaming media applications that includes Windows Media Services, Windows Media Tools, and Windows Media Player. Windows Media Tools create ASF content that can be served to client computers using Windows Media Services and played with Windows Media Player.

Windows Media Encoder is a tool that can convert both live and on-demand audio/video content to an ASF stream, which then can be streamed over a network by a Windows Media server. A feature of Windows Media Technologies used to create live ASF streams. Windows Media Encoder turns live audio and video content into an ASF stream and distributes that stream through a port. Windows Media Encoder also can save an ASF stream as an .asf file.

The procedure to create stream files is almost similar as Real Producer

Windows Media Server : The Windows Media component services are a set of services running on Microsoft Windows 2000 Server. These services broadcast audio and video content via to clients (Media Players).

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